What is meant by 'Disruptive Technology'?

Disruptive technology refers to innovations that significantly alter or create new markets, often displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. These technologies typically begin by targeting a niche market and are characterized by their ability to innovate in ways that provide simpler, more affordable, or more efficient solutions compared to traditional products or services. They can radically change the dynamics of industries by fundamentally reshaping how things are done, leading to new consumer behaviors and business models.

In contrast, the other options do not encapsulate the essence of disruptive technology. Options that mention costly implementation or extensive user training focus more on hurdles rather than the transformative nature of the technology. Gradual improvements indicate an evolutionary process rather than a disruptive one, which typically represents a significant shift in market terms rather than an incremental change. Thus, the correct understanding of disruptive technology lies in its potential to create entirely new markets or revitalize existing ones, highlighting the groundbreaking impact these innovations can have on industries and communities.